| 细节题 题目答案及解析
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细节题
Since the end of World War II, a broad agreement in support of global economic integration as a force for peace and prosperity has been a pillar of the international order. This includes global trade deals, the European Union, the work of institutions like the World Bank, and the removal of capital controls. These efforts, driven by domestic progress, technology, and legislative changes, have made the world more closely connected and smaller.
This broad program of global integration has been highly successful. We’ve avoided major wars, seen living standards rise, and made significant progress in fighting hunger, empowering women, as well as improving literacy and life expectancy. However, there is now a revolt against this integration, especially in the West. In the U.S., all presidential candidates oppose free-trade agreements like the Trans-Pacific Partnership. Trump’s proposals to wall off Mexico, cancel trade deals, and persecute Muslims are popular. The Brexit movement in the U.K. commands strong support, and meanwhile the EU faces challenges in maintaining open borders due to the refugee crisis.
A major reason for this resistance is a lack of knowledge. People who lose jobs because factories move abroad blame globalization, but they never credit international trade for lower prices on goods. Successful exporters often attribute their success to their own skills rather than international agreements. So there is certainly a case for our leaders and business communities to educate people about the benefits of global integration. But at this late date, with the trends moving the wrong way, it is hard to be optimistic about such efforts.
The core of the revolt against global integration, though, is the perception that globalization is an elite-driven project. Many believe that big companies set the agenda, playing countries against each other, and that globalization allows a few to avoid taxes and regulations. They see local communities suffering when employers lose out to foreign competitors.
Elites can continue promoting integration projects and defending existing integration, hoping to win enough support so that nothing stands in the way of their efforts. The U.S. presidential campaign and the Brexit debate suggest that this approach may no longer work. Rather, future integration will depend more on technology and growth in developing countries. History shows that uncontrolled globalization without a strong leader or institutions is unlikely to succeed.
Much more promising is this idea: The promotion of global integration can become a bottom-up rather than a top-down project. The emphasis can shift from promoting integration to managing its consequences. This would mean a shift from international trade agreements to international harmonization agreements, whereby issues such as labor rights and environmental protection would be central. It would also mean devoting as much political capital to the trillions of dollars that escape taxation or evade regulation through cross-border capital flows as we now devote to trade agreements. It would also mean an emphasis on the challenges of middle-class parents everywhere, who doubt, but still hope desperately, that their children can have better lives than they did.
Which of the following can best serve as the title of the passage?
Global Integration: A Project Carried Out by Elites for Elites
","Global Harmonization: An Alternative for Global Trade Agreements
","Rethinking Global Integration: From Top-Down to Bottom-up
","Why the Resistance Against Globalization?
"]标题概括题。通读全文，结合倒数第二段中 “Rather, future integration will depend more on technology and growth in developing countries. History shows that uncontrolled globalization without a strong leader or institutions is unlikely to succeed. (相反，未来的一体化将更多地依赖于发展中国家的技术和增长。历史表明，没有强大领导或机构的无节制全球化不太可能成功。)” 和最后一段中 “Much more promising is this idea: The promotion of global integration can become a bottom up rather than a top down project. (更有前景的想法是：全球一体化的推进可以成为一个自下而上而非自上而下的项目。)” 可知，文章核心是反思全球一体化模式，提出从顶层设计转向基层推动的新思路。C项 “重新思考全球一体化：从自上而下到自下而上” 准确概括了这一主旨，适合作文章标题。故选C。
When the author says the trends “moving the wrong way” (para. 3), he implies that .
global economic integration could not be stopped
","the gaps between the rich and poor should be greatly narrowed
","the revolt against globalization is well underway
","an optimistic attitude will help people understand the benefits of globalization
"]句意理解题。根据第三段中 “A major reason for this resistance is a lack of knowledge. People who lose jobs because factories move abroad blame globalization, but they never credit international trade for lower prices on goods. Successful exporters often attribute their success to their own skills rather than international agreements. (这种抗拒的一个主要原因是缺乏知识。那些因为工厂搬到国外而失去工作的人把责任归咎于全球化，但他们从不把商品价格的降低归功于国际贸易。成功的出口商往往把他们的成功归功于自己的技能，而不是国际协议。)” 可知，人们对全球化的认知不足，所以抗拒它。由此推知，句子 “But at this late date, with the trends moving the wrong way, it is hard to be optimistic about such efforts. (但在这个时候，随着趋势朝着错误的方向发展，很难对这些努力持乐观态度。)” 中加粗部分指的是人们抗拒全球化，即 “反对全球化的运动正在进行”。故选C。
According to the passage, the consideration of global integration as a project carried out by elites for elites .
remains to be proved
","is not accepted by ordinary people
","should not be treated formally as it is only subjective
","should not be ignored as it carries an element of truth
"]推理判断题。根据第四段 “The core of the revolt against global integration, though, is the perception that globalization is an elite driven project. Many believe that big companies set the agenda, playing countries against each other, and that globalization allows a few to avoid taxes and regulations. They see local communities suffering when employers lose out to foreign competitors. (然而，反对全球一体化的核心是认为全球化是一个由精英推动的项目。许多人认为大公司设定议程，让各国相互对立，而且全球化让少数人能够避税和逃避监管。他们看到当雇主输给外国竞争对手时，当地社区遭受痛苦。)” 可知，人们有这样的看法并非毫无道理，所以这种认为全球化是精英为精英开展的项目的观点不应被忽视，因为它有一定的真实性。故选D。
The author suggests all of the following to promote global integration EXCEPT .
turning it into a bottom-up project
","popularizing the knowledge of the benefits of globalization
","managing the consequences of globalization
","preferring global harmonization to global trade agreements
"]细节理解题。根据最后一段 “The promotion of global integration can become a bottom up rather than a top down project. The emphasis can shift from promoting integration to managing its consequences. This would mean a shift from international trade agreements to international harmonization agreements, (全球一体化的推进可以成为一个自下而上而非自上而下的项目。重点可以从促进一体化转移到管理其后果。这将意味着从国际贸易协定转向国际协调协定，)” 可知，作者提到要将其转变为自下而上的项目、管理全球化的后果以及更倾向于全球协调而非全球贸易协定，所以A、C和D项是作者的建议。B项未提及。故选B。
| 细节题题目答案及解析（完整版）
