| 建议指导 题目答案及解析

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| 建议指导题目答案及解析如下，仅供参考！

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建议指导

Every day we are surrounded by large amounts of information, much of which is given by people who want to shape our decisions. So, we need to evaluate the information and determine how we should respond.

Evaluating information and arguments requires critical thinking, the ability to think clearly and see how ideas are connected. Like any skill, critical thinking can be learned, and the best way to learn it is by practicing.

You cannot evaluate an argument that you do not understand. Thus, the first step to critical thinking must always be listening. You may need to ask questions to clarify the person’s claims. Ask them to define their key terms, especially words with multiple meanings.

Once you understand what the person is saying, then you can consider whether it is true. The most important question is whether the facts they state are actually true. You can try to figure this out by considering the source of the facts and whether the facts line up with what you already know about the topic. If there is a conflict, you must then discover whether your original understanding was incorrect or whether the new claims are wrong.

It’s also possible to draw incorrect conclusions from correct facts. Often this comes from mistakes in logic, so learning about common logical fallacies (谬论) and how to recognize them can help. Also consider whether there could be another explanation for the facts besides the one you’ve been given.

Critical thinking also involves examining people’s motivations and assumptions. For example, a salesman will present facts that are selected to convince you to buy what he is selling. He will leave out facts that don’t help him reach that goal. Assumptions can likewise affect people’s claims since people want to confirm what they already believe. It is necessary that you recognize these factors to predict when someone else’s statements might not be accurate or complete.

Finally, critical thinking requires examining your own beliefs and assumptions as well. Poking holes in other people’s arguments can be necessary, but you must acknowledge the possibility that your own beliefs are wrong. Your own assumptions and motivations may affect your thinking without you realizing it. By critically examining both your own and other people’ opinions, you can understand the way the world works and make decisions in light of the truth.

According to the passage, which one of the following is TRUE?

["

The majority of information given to us is actually to shape our minds.

","

Critical thinking is usually learned by practicing, like any other skills.

","

Only when you fully understand one’s claims, can you make a right evaluation.

","

A conflict between the original understanding and a new one is critical thinking.

"]
[["C"]]

判断正误题。根据第三段 “You cannot evaluate an argument that you do not understand. (你不能评价一个你不理解的观点。)” 和第四段 “Once you understand what the person is saying, then you can consider whether it is true. (一旦你明白了这个人在说什么，你就可以考虑他说的是不是真的。)” 可知，只有当你完全明白一个人表明的观点时，你才能够做出正确的评价。故选C。

What is the purpose of the example of a salesman given in the passage?

["

To illustrate the important function of critical thinking.

","

To confirm the difference of people’s motivations and assumptions.

","

To convince people to buy the product mentioned in the passage.

","

To warn people to pay special attention to the facts given.

"]
[["D"]]

推理判断题。根据第六段 “For example, a salesman will present facts that are selected to convince you to buy what he is selling. He will leave out facts that don’t help him reach that goal. Assumptions can likewise affect people’s claims since people want to confirm what they already believe. It is necessary that you recognize these factors to predict when someone else’s statements might not be accurate or complete. (例如，一个推销员会展示一些经过挑选的事实来说服你买他卖的东西。他会忽略那些不利于他达到目标的事实。假设同样会影响人们的说法，因为人们想要确认他们已经相信的东西。你有必要认识到这些因素，以预测别人的陈述何时可能不准确或不完整。)” 可知，销售员为了自己的销量，只会向人们展示有利于产品销售的事实，而忽略那些不利的事实，同时人们也总是倾向于相信他们自认为是事实的东西。因此文章提到销售员的例子，是为了警告人们要特别注意所给出事实的真实性。故选D。

The expression “Poking holes in other people’s arguements” in the last paragraph probably means                 .

["

Finding out others’ faults

","

Evaluating others’ opinions

","

Criticizing others’ points of view

","

Supporting others’ ideas

"]
[["A"]]

词义猜测题。根据最后一段 “but you must acknowledge the possibility that your own beliefs are wrong. (但你必须承认自己的信念有可能是错误的。)”，该句与划线短语所在句 “Poking holes in other people’s arguments can be necessary, (Poking holes in other people’s arguments可能是必要的，)” 为转折关系，故应该表示虽然找出别人观点的错误是必要的，但是也须承认自己的信念也可能是错误的。故划线短语表示 “找出别人的错误”。故选A。

What can we conclude from the passage?

["

Drawing incorrect decisions from facts depends on its logic.

","

A fact may sometimes guide us to make a wrong decision.

","

Critical thinking is connected with one’s own beliefs and assumptions.

","

Without logic knowledge, critical thinking is impossible to occur.

"]
[["B"]]

推理判断题。根据第五段 “It’s also possible to draw incorrect conclusions from correct facts. (从正确的事实中得出错误的结论也是可能的。)” 和第六段 “For example, a salesman will present facts that are selected to convince you to buy what he is selling. (例如，一个推销员会展示一些经过挑选的事实来说服你买他卖的东西。)” 可知，有时候正确的事实也会得出错误的结论，一个事实也可能会让人作出错误的决定。故选B。

| 建议指导题目答案及解析（完整版）

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