Narcissism is a psychological condition defined as an obsession with the self. While not all forms of self-love or self-interest are destructive, extreme cases can be very damaging and may be diagnosed as narcissistic personality disorder (NPD).

According to some psychoanalysis, almost all people begin life with some degree of self-obsession. Since babies are born helpless, their physical and emotional needs must be addressed by the people surrounding them. In the infant’s mind, this translates to a deeply held belief that he is the center of the world, known as primary narcissism. This belief is usually left behind as children grow older and become more independent.

People with mild symptoms may actually benefit from their self-interested tendencies. According to some studies, mild narcissists tend to experience less stress, self-doubt, and remorse than non-narcissists. Their feeling of self-importance and invulnerability makes them less prone to depression, and makes them more likely to pursue their dreams and goals.

Those with clinical NCD, however, can have difficult and frustrating lives. In extreme cases, they may be simply unable to understand why the world does not work according to their beliefs. Despite a desire for strong personal relationships, they may be unable to maintain them because of their self-obsession. In rare cases, the ability to justify any behavior for personal gain may be so strong that a narcissist may find himself engaging in manipulative, criminal, or violent acts.

Psychotherapy is often recommended as the first-line of treatment for this condition. Cognitive behavioral therapy, which focuses on identifying and altering unhealthy behavioral patterns, can also be very helpful in constructing a healthier lifestyle. How effective these treatments usually depend on how severe the condition is. While fully defeating narcissistic urges may not always be possible, psychotherapy creates an open forum to discuss related issues and manage the problems caused by this condition.

参考范文：

Narcissism ranges from healthy self-interest to extreme narcissistic personality disorder (NPD). While mild narcissism may reduce stress and boost confidence, severe NPD causes relationship struggles and harmful behaviors. Psychotherapy, like cognitive behavioral therapy, helps manage symptoms by addressing unhealthy patterns. Treatment effectiveness depends on severity, aiming to mitigate issues rather than fully eliminate narcissistic tendencies.

本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说自恋的程度从适度的自我利益到极端的自恋型人格障碍 (NPD) 不等。虽然轻度的自恋可能会减轻压力并增强自信，但严重的自恋型人格障碍会导致关系问题和有害行为。心理治疗，比如认知行为疗法，通过解决不健康的行为模式来帮助控制症状。治疗效果取决于严重程度，旨在缓解问题而非完全消除自恋倾向。

(详解)

1. 要点摘录

①Narcissism is a psychological condition defined as an obsession with the self. While not all forms of self-love or self-interest are destructive, extreme cases can be very damaging and may be diagnosed as narcissistic personality disorder (NPD).

②According to some studies, mild narcissists tend to experience less stress, self-doubt, and remorse than non-narcissists. Despite a desire for strong personal relationships, they may be unable to maintain them because of their self-obsession. In rare cases, the ability to justify any behavior for personal gain may be so strong that a narcissist may find himself engaging in manipulative, criminal, or violent acts.

③Psychotherapy is often recommended as the first-line of treatment for this condition. Cognitive behavioral therapy, which focuses on identifying and altering unhealthy behavioral patterns, can also be very helpful in constructing a healthier lifestyle.

④How effective these treatments usually depend on how severe the condition is. While fully defeating narcissistic urges may not always be possible, psychotherapy creates an open forum to discuss related issues and manage the problems caused by this condition.

2. 缜密构思 将第1个要点进行综述，将第2、3、4三个要点进行分论。

3. 遣词造句

Narcissism ranges from healthy self-interest to extreme narcissistic personality disorder (NPD).

While mild narcissism may reduce stress and boost confidence, severe NPD causes relationship struggles and harmful behaviors.

Psychotherapy, like cognitive behavioral therapy, helps manage symptoms by addressing unhealthy patterns.

Treatment effectiveness depends on severity, aiming to mitigate issues rather than fully eliminate narcissistic tendencies.

(点晴)

(高分句型1) “While mild narcissism may reduce stress and boost confidence, severe NPD causes relationship struggles and harmful behaviors.”  (运用while引导让步状语从句对原文第三段和第四段进行了概括。)

(高分句型2) “Treatment effectiveness depends on severity, aiming to mitigate issues rather than fully eliminate narcissistic tendencies.” (用现在分词作状语对最后一段进行了概括，表达非常高级。)