According to French, what makes it difficult to test precognitive dreams?

Unavailability of people’s dreams.

That coincidences happen a lot in reality.

That criteria for dream reliability are not trustworthy.

People’s inability to tell when dreamt events will happen.

细节理解题。根据第二段的 “Asked what criteria would have to be met for him to accept that precognitive dreams were a reality, he said, ‘The primary problem with tests of the claim is that the subjects are unable to tell when the event(s) they’ve dreamed about will happen.’ (当他被问及必须满足什么标准才能接受梦到的未来会成为现实时，他说，‘对这种说法进行测试的主要问题是，受试者无法说出他们所梦见的事情何时会发生。’)” 可知，经历这种梦境的人无法准确预测他们梦到的事情将何时发生，这使得设计实验来验证这类梦境的有效性具有一定的难度。故选D。

Believers in precognitive dreams may question the truth of                 .

the assumption of causality

the time symmetry

memories of ordinary people

modern scientific tests

推理判断题。根据第一段的 “Precognitive dreams are dreams that seemingly predict the future which cannot be inferred from actually available information. (预知梦是一种似乎能预测未来的梦，但不能从实际可用的信息中推断出来。)” 和第三段的 “She stated that knowing future through dreams challenged the basic assumption of science—causality (relationship of cause and effect). (她说，通过梦知道未来挑战了科学的基本假设——因果关系。)” 可推知，相信预知梦的人可能会质疑因果关系的假设，因为如果梦境能够准确预测未来事件，而这些事件却无法从当前信息中推断出来，就会挑战对因果关系的传统理解。故选A。

We can infer from the passage that                 .

Lincoln was warned of the killing by his friend

Watt carried out several experiments on causality

researches on electromagnetism are based on the time symmetry

time’s moving in two directions may justify precognitive dreams

推理判断题。根据第四段的 “Dick Bierman, a retired physicist and psychologist, who has worked at the Universities of Amsterdam, Utrecht and Groningen, has put forward a theory that may explain precognitive dreams. It is based on the fact that when scientists use certain mathematical descriptions to talk about things like electromagnetism (电磁学), these descriptions favour the belief that time only moves in one direction. However, in practice the wave that is running backwards in time does exist. This concept is called the time symmetry, meaning that the laws of physics look the same when time runs forward or backward. But he believes that time symmetry breaks down due to external conditions. ‘The key of the theory is that it assumes that there is a special context that restores the broken time-symmetry, if the waves running backwards are ‘absorbed’ by a consistent multi-particle (多粒子) system. The brain under a dream state may be such a system where broken time-symmetry is partially restored. This is still not a full explanation for precognitive dreams but it shows where physics might be adjusted to accommodate the phenomenon,’ he explains. (曾在阿姆斯特丹大学、乌得勒支大学和格罗宁根大学工作的退休物理学家和心理学家迪克·比尔曼提出了一个可以解释预知梦的理论。它是基于这样一个事实：当科学家们使用某些数学描述来谈论电磁学等事物时，这些描述倾向于相信时间只向一个方向移动。然而，在实践中，时间倒流的波确实存在。这个概念被称为时间对称，意思是当时间向前或向后运行时，物理定律看起来是一样的。但他认为，由于外部条件，时间对称性会被打破。‘该理论的关键在于，它假设存在一个特殊的环境，如果向后运行的波被一个一致的多粒子系统 ‘吸收’，那么就可以恢复被破坏的时间对称性。梦境状态下的大脑可能就是这样一个系统，在这个系统中，被破坏的时间对称性部分得到了恢复。这仍然不是预知梦的完整解释，但它显示了物理学可能在哪里调整以适应这种现象，’ 他解释说。)” 可知，文章讨论了Dick Bierman关于时间对称的理论，暗示如果时间可以双向流动，那么可能会证明先知性梦的存在。这一推断来源于Bierman的解释，即在某些条件下，时间对称性可能会恢复，从而允许未来的信息影响到现在的梦境，因此时间在两个方向上移动也许可以证明预知梦是正确的。故选D。

Which might be the best title of the passage?

Should Dreams Be Assessed?

Can Dreams Predict the Future?

How Can Physics Be Changed to Explain Dreams?

Why Should Scientists Study Precognitive Dreams?

标题概括题。通读全文，尤其根据最后一段的 “Although Bierman’s explanation is still based on guesses and has not accepted by mainstream science, Watt does think it is worth considering. For now, believing that it’s possible to predict future with dreams remains an act of faith. Yet, it’s possible that one day we’ll wake up to a true understanding of this fascinating phenomenon. (虽然比尔曼的解释仍然是基于猜测，并没有被主流科学所接受，但瓦特确实认为这是值得考虑的。现在，相信可以通过梦来预测未来仍然是一种信仰行为。然而，有可能有一天我们会对这个迷人的现象有一个真正的理解。)” 可知，文章探讨了先知性梦是否能够预测未来的可能性，以及相关的科学和心理学观点。文章提到了一些专家的看法，包括法国教授Christopher French、爱丁堡大学的Caroline Watt教授以及物理学家和心理学家Dick Bierman的理论。这些观点涉及到先知性梦的可能解释和相关的挑战，以及对科学理论的影响，因此B项 “Can Dreams Predict the Future? (梦能预测未来吗？)” 是最佳标题。故选B。