高中 | 细节题 题目答案及解析
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细节题
IN CONTEXT BRANCH Geology BEFORE 6th century BCE The Greek thinker Thales of Miletus notes magnetic rocks, or lodestones (天然磁石). 1st century CE Chinese diviners make primitive compasses with iron spoon that can turn around to point south. 1269 French scholar Pierre de Maricourt sets out the basic laws of magnetic attraction, repulsion, and poles. AFTER 1824 French mathematician Siméon Poisson models the forces in a magnetic field. 1940s American physicist Walter Maurice Elsasser attributes Earth’s magnetic field to iron swirling in its outer core as the planet rotates. 1958 Explorer 1 space mission shows Earth’s magnetic field extending far out into space. | By the late 1500s, ships’ captains already relied on magnetic compasses to maintain their course across the oceans. Yet no one knew how they worked. Some thought the compass needle was attracted to the North Star, others that it was drawn to magnetic mountains in the Arctic. It was English physician William Gilbert who discovered that Earth itself is magnetic. Stronger reasons are obtained from sure experiments and demonstrated arguments than from probable conjectures (推测) and the opinions of philosophical speculators. William Gilbert Gilbert’s breakthrough came not from a flash of inspiration, but from 17 years of careful experiment. He learned all he could from ships’ captains and compass makers, and then he made a model globe, or “terrella,” out of the magnetic rock lodestone and tested compass needles against it. The needles reacted around the terrella just as ships’ compasses did on a larger scale—showing the same patterns of declination (pointing slightly away from true north at the geographic pole, which differs from magnetic north) and inclination (tilting down from the horizontal toward the globe). Gilbert concluded, rightly, that the entire planet is a magnet and has a core of iron. He published his ideas in the book De Magnete (On the Magnet) in 1600, causing a sensation. Johannes Kepler and Galileo, in particular, were inspired by his suggestion that Earth is not fixed to rotating celestial spheres, as most people still thought, but is made to spin by the invisible force of its own magnetism. |
Before the 16th century, how did captains navigate across oceans?
The North Star navigated their ships.
","The magnetic mountains in the Arctic guided their journey.
","Magnetic compasses helped them maintain the course.
","The forces in a magnetic field attracted the ships.
"]细节理解题。根据文中 “By the late 1500s, ships’ captains already relied on magnetic compasses to maintain their course across the oceans. (到16世纪晚期，船长已经依靠磁罗盘来维持他们在海洋上的航线。)” 可知，在16世纪之前，船长们通过磁罗盘帮助他们保持航向来横渡大洋。故选C。
How did William Gilbert find out the fact that Earth itself is magnetic?
Through trials and errors.
","Through some personal philosophical speculation.
","By acquiring some flash inspiration.
","By studying the ideas of some philosophers.
"]细节理解题。根据倒数第二段 “Gilbert’s breakthrough came not from a flash of inspiration, but from 17 years of careful experiment. He learned all he could from ships’ captains and compass makers, and then he made a model globe, or ‘terrella,’ out of the magnetic rock lodestone and tested compass needles against it. The needles reacted around the terrella just as ships’ compasses did on a larger scale—showing the same patterns of declination (pointing slightly away from true north at the geographic pole, which differs from magnetic north) and inclination (tilting down from the horizontal toward the globe). (吉尔伯特的突破并非来自灵光一闪的灵感，而是来自17年的精心实验。他从船长和指南针制造商那里学到了他所能学到的一切，然后他用磁性岩石磁石做了一个地球仪模型，或者叫 ‘terrella’，并用罗盘针对着它进行测试。这些针在大地球周围的反应，就像船上的指南针在更大的范围内所做的那样——显示出相同的赤纬模式 (在地理极点指向离真北略远的地方，这与地磁北极不同) 和倾角模式 (从水平面向地球倾斜)。)” 可知，威廉·吉尔伯特通过反复实验发现地球本身具有磁性。故选A。
Which of the following statement might Galileo agree with?
The earth stays still.
","Gilbert successfully refuted the laws of magnetic attraction.
","Gilbert’s findings and conclusions are sensational.
","The earth has its own magnetic field.
"]细节理解题。根据最后一段 “Johannes Kepler and Galileo, in particular, were inspired by his suggestion that Earth is not fixed to rotating celestial spheres, as most people still thought, but is made to spin by the invisible force of its own magnetism. (约翰内斯·开普勒和伽利略尤其受到他的观点的启发，他认为地球并不像大多数人仍然认为的那样，是固定在旋转的天体上的，而是由地球自身看不见的磁力造成的。)” 可知，伽利略可能会同意地球有自己的磁场。故选D。
高中 | 细节题题目答案及解析（完整版）
