高中 | 细节题 题目答案及解析
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细节题
On a brisk September morning, Brian Palik’s footfalls land quietly on a path in Minnesota’s iconic Northwoods. A mature red pine (松树) is a tall, straight overstory tree that thrives in cold winters and cool summers. It’s the official Minnesota state tree and a valued target of its timber industry.
But red pine’s days of dominance here could fade. In coming decades, climate change will make red pine and other Northwoods trees increasingly vulnerable to destructive combinations of longer, warmer summers and less extremely cold winters, as well as droughts, windstorms, wildfires and insect infestations. Climate change is altering ecological conditions in cold regions faster than trees can adapt or migrate.
Palik, a forest ecologist, stops and points to a newcomer under the red-pine canopy: a broadleaf deciduous tree. “It’s doing really well,” he says. This tree probably shouldn’t be thriving here. Normally, if a southern adapted seedling (幼苗) is planted in an unsuitably cold climate like this one, it can risk frost damage, and its survival is threatened. But the newcomer’s lush, green foliage indicates good health. It is a promising sign in a project that aims to keep forests growing in a warming world.
Palik’s project is an experiment in forest assisted migration, the relocation of trees to help woodlands adapt and flourish despite the heating of their habitats from climate change. Foresters advocating assisted migration are typically not aiming to save specific species—instead, by moving trees, they want to help sustain productive forest for multiple benefits such as carbon storage, water filtration, wildlife habitat, recreational beauty and timber.
Now, assisted migration research for conservation is getting bolder with growing concerns about future forest disruption from climate change. And the movement is growing internationally, with research happening in Spain, Canada, Mexico, etc. Moreover, recent proposals have called for relocating endangered species to new habitats where they would have a better chance of thriving: Mexican gray wolves to northern parts of Arizona, New Mexico or Texas, for example, or Karner blue butterflies farther north from southern Michigan.
However, artificially moving a forest, some biologists say, has risks. Relocated species might become invasive or disrupt the ecological balance of the forest. But, says Palik, “the risk of not trying to move species for climate change is larger”. “Forests die fast and grow slowly,” says Lee Frelich, a forest ecologist at the University of Minnesota Center for Forest Ecology. As climate change continues, he says, some forests could vanish, replaced by encroaching (渐渐渗入的) grasslands that do not provide the types of wildlife habitat and other benefits that healthy forests do. “Your only option in that case,” he says, “is to bring in new species or live with whatever nature does,” which—in cases of extreme climate change “is likely to be brushy vegetation and not be a forest for quite some time.”
How does climate change affect the Northwoods region of Minnesota?
By decreasing the length of the growing season.
","By reducing the occurrence of droughts and wildfires.
","By increasing the frequency of extremely cold winters.
","By changing the living condition of the tree species there.
"]细节理解题。根据第二段 “In coming decades, climate change will make red pine and other Northwoods trees increasingly vulnerable to destructive combinations of longer, warmer summers and less extremely cold winters, as well as droughts, windstorms, wildfires and insect infestations. (在未来的几十年里，气候变化将使红松和其他北方森林的树木越来越容易受到更长、更温暖的夏季和不那么极端寒冷的冬季以及干旱、风暴、野火和虫害的破坏性组合的影响。)” 可知，气候变化通过改变当地树种的生存条件影响明尼苏达州的北森林地区。故选D。
What is a key consideration for Brian Palik when deciding which trees to plant?
Focusing exclusively on planting trees that aren’t native to the area.
","Planting the tallest and fastest-growing trees to quickly restore the forest.
","Choosing trees that are the most economically valuable for timber production.
","Selecting species that can thrive in the changing climate conditions expected in the future.
"]细节理解题。根据第三段 “Palik, a forest ecologist, stops and points to a newcomer under the red-pine canopy: a broadleaf deciduous tree. ‘It’s doing really well,’ he says. This tree probably shouldn’t be thriving here. Normally, if a southern adapted seedling (幼苗) is planted in an unsuitably cold climate like this one, it can risk frost damage, and its survival is threatened. But the newcomer’s lush, green foliage indicates good health. (森林生态学家帕利克停下脚步，指着红松树冠下的一棵新来者：一棵阔叶落叶树。‘它适应得非常好，’ 他说。这棵树可能不应该在这里茁壮成长。正常情况下，如果在像这样不适宜的寒冷气候中种植南方适应的幼苗，它可能会受到霜冻损害，其生存受到威胁。但新来者郁郁葱葱的绿叶表明很健康。)” 可知，布莱恩·帕利克在决定种哪种树时，主要考虑的是选择能够在未来气候变化条件下茁壮成长的物种。故选D。
What is the primary goal of assisted migration?
To ensure that forests remain productive and provide ecosystem services.
","To preserve specific endangered species in their original habitats.
","To maintain the aesthetic beauty of forests for tourism.
","To increase the profitability of the timber industry.
"]细节理解题。根据第四段 “Foresters advocating assisted migration are typically not aiming to save specific species—instead, by moving trees, they want to help sustain productive forest for multiple benefits such as carbon storage, water filtration, wildlife habitat, recreational beauty and timber. (提倡辅助迁移的林务人员通常不是为了拯救特定的物种——相反，他们希望通过迁移树木来帮助维持森林的生产力，从而获得多种好处，如碳储存、水过滤、野生动物栖息地、娱乐美景和木材。)” 可知，辅助迁移的主要目标是确保森林保持生产力，并提供各种生态系统服务。故选A。
Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?
The practice of forest assisted migration is bound to be carried out on a larger scale globally.
","Scientists’ concerns over forest disruption stem from the economic losses in the timber industry.
","Forest assisted migration appears to be a necessary attempt to maintain forest ecosystems.
","Relocated species will always outcompete native species, leading to biodiversity loss.
"]推理判断题。根据最后一段 “As climate change continues, he says, some forests could vanish, replaced by encroaching (渐渐渗入的) grasslands that do not provide the types of wildlife habitat and other benefits that healthy forests do. ‘Your only option in that case,’ he says, ‘is to bring in new species or live with whatever nature does,’ which—in cases of extreme climate change ‘is likely to be brushy vegetation and not be a forest for quite some time.’ (他说，随着气候变化的持续，一些森林可能会消失，取而代之的是逐渐侵占的草原，这些草原不能提供野生动物栖息地，也不能提供健康森林所能提供的其他好处。‘在这种情况下，你唯一的选择，’ 他说，‘就是引进新物种，或者与大自然一起生活，’ 在极端气候变化的情况下，‘很可能在很长一段时间内变成灌木丛生的植被，而不是森林。’)” 可知，森林辅助迁移似乎是维持森林生态系统的必要尝试。故选C。
高中 | 细节题题目答案及解析（完整版）
