高中 | 个人情况 题目答案及解析
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高中 | 个人情况题目答案及解析如下，仅供参考！
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个人情况
In the early 2000s, Merlin Mann, a Web designer and devoted Macintosh enthusiast, was working as a freelance (自由职业的) project manager for software companies. He had held similar roles for years, so he knew the ins and outs of the job; he was surprised, therefore, to find that he was literally buried under—not by the mentally challenging aspects of his work but by the many small administrative tasks, such as scheduling conference calls, that surfaced up from a chaotic stream of e-mail messages.
Mann wasn’t alone in his frustration. Work lives that had once been orderly—two or three blocks of work, broken up by meetings and phone calls—became wildly busy, unplanned, and impossibly overloaded. “E-mail is a ball of uncertainty that represents anxiety,” Mann said, reflecting on this period.
Things have not since changed much. Most of us are not our own bosses, and therefore lack the ability to dramatically rebuild the structure of our work responsibilities, but imagine if, through some combination of new management thinking and technology, we could introduce processes that minimize the time required to talk about work or fight off random tasks thrown our way by equally stressed co-workers, and instead let us organize our days around a small number of separate and specific objectives. This vision is attractive, but it cannot be realized by individual actions alone. It will require management intervention.
Up until now, there has been little will to shift the responsibility for productivity from the person to the organization. Most knowledge-work companies have been more focused on keeping up with technological breakthroughs that might open up new markets, without addressing the fundamental issues that underlie workplace inefficiency. To get more done, it’s been sufficient to simply encourage employees to work harder. Laptops and smartphones helped these efforts by enabling office workers to find extra hours in the day to get things done, providing a productivity balance against the inefficiencies of overload culture.
It seems likely that any successful effort to reform professional life must start by making it easier to figure out who is working on what, and how it’s going. Because so much of our effort in the office now develops in rapid exchanges of digital messages, it’s tempting to allow our in-boxes to become an informal storage place for everything we need to get done. This strategy, however, covers up many of the worst aspects of overload culture.
Consider instead a system that externalizes work. Following the lead of software developers, we might use virtual task boards, where every task is represented by a card that indicates who is doing the work, and is pinned under a column indicating its status. With a quick glance, you can now determine everything going on within your team and ask meaningful questions about how much work any one person should tackle at a time. With this setup, improvement becomes possible.
What does the author try to illustrate with the example of Merlin Mann?
More and more people have started to hop from one job to another.
","Creative design is very demanding mentally when done individually.
","Too many job responsibilities to perform could make people depressed.
","Small tasks could emerge at random to keep people disorganized at work.
"]推理判断题。根据第一段中的 “He had held similar roles for years, so he knew the ins and outs of the job; he was surprised, therefore, to find that he was literally buried under—not by the mentally challenging aspects of his work but by the many small administrative tasks, such as scheduling conference calls, that surfaced up from a chaotic stream of e-mail messages. (他担任类似职位已有多年，因此对这份工作的细节了如指掌；然而令他惊讶的是，自己简直被压得喘不过气来——并非被工作中需要耗费脑力的部分所累，而是被大量琐碎的行政任务所淹没，比如安排电话会议，这些任务都源自杂乱无章的电子邮件信息流。)” 可知，作者通过Merlin Mann的例子说明，随机涌现的小任务会让人在工作中变得杂乱无章。故选D。
What is the author’s view of email use in the workplace?
It helps employees keep track of the work that has been piled up.
","It contributes to the difficulty and inefficiency of task management.
","It facilitates emotional support in times of uncertainty and anxiety.
","It provides an opportunity for employees to communicate informally.
"]观点态度题。根据第二段中的 “‘E-mail is a ball of uncertainty that represents anxiety,’ Mann said, reflecting on this period. (曼在回顾这段时期时说：‘电子邮件是一团代表着焦虑的不确定性之球。’)” 及第五段中的 “Because so much of our effort in the office now develops in rapid exchanges of digital messages, it’s tempting to allow our in-boxes to become an informal storage place for everything we need to get done. This strategy, however, covers up many of the worst aspects of overload culture. (由于我们如今在办公室的大量工作都以数字信息的快速交换形式展开，我们很容易想当然地将收件箱当作存放所有待办事项的非正式存储库。然而，这种策略掩盖了过载文化中许多最糟糕的方面。)” 可知，作者认为职场中使用电子邮件加剧了任务管理的困难和低效。故选B。
What change does the author try to introduce in the workplace?
Enhancing work flow with the aid of technology.
","Reducing workload and lowering the stress level.
","Setting distinct attainable goals for individuals.
","Redistributing work duties among employees.
"]细节理解题。根据最后一段中的 “Consider instead a system that externalizes work. Following the lead of software developers, we might use virtual task boards, where every task is represented by a card that indicates who is doing the work, and is pinned under a column indicating its status. (不妨考虑一种将工作外化的系统。我们可以效仿软件开发人员的做法，使用虚拟任务板：每个任务都用一张卡片来表示，卡片上标明负责该任务的人员，并且这些卡片会被固定在相应的列下，这些列标明了任务的状态。)” 可知，作者主张借助技术 (如虚拟任务板) 优化工作流程。故选A。
What can be inferred about the system the author suggests?
New software can help to hire workers from outside.
","Teamwork will become easier with a big picture.
","Division of labor will be negotiated within a team.
","Virtual reality can help to do on-the-job training.
"]推理判断题。根据最后一段中的 “With a quick glance, you can now determine everything going on within your team and ask meaningful questions about how much work any one person should tackle at a time. With this setup, improvement becomes possible. (快速浏览一下，你就能了解团队内正在进行的所有事情，并就每个人一次应该处理多少工作提出有意义的问题。有了这个设置，改进就成为可能。)” 可知，作者建议的系统通过可视化任务板让团队成员对工作全局一目了然，从而使团队协作更轻松。故选B。
高中 | 个人情况题目答案及解析（完整版）
