英语四六级 | 四级阅读-仔细阅读 题目答案及解析
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英语四六级 | 四级阅读-仔细阅读题目答案及解析如下，仅供参考！
四级阅读
四级阅读-仔细阅读
Passage One
Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.
As many office workers adapt to remote work, cities may undergo fundamental change if offices remain under-utilized. Who will benefit if working from home becomes the norm?
Employers argue they make considerable savings on real estate when workers shift from office to home work. However, these savings result from passing costs on to workers.
Unless employees are fully compensated, this could become a variant of parasitic (寄生的) capitalism, whereby corporate profits increasingly rely on extracting value from the public—and now personal—realm, rather than on generating new value.
Though employers are backed by a chorus of remote work advocates, others note the loneliness, reduced productivity and inefficiencies of extended remote work.
If working from home becomes permanent, employees will have to dedicate part of their private space to work. This requires purchasing desks, chairs and office equipment.
It also means having private space dedicated to work: the space must be heated, cleaned, maintained and paid for. That depends on many things, but for purposes of illustration, I have run some estimates for Montréal. The exercise is simple but important, since it brings these costs out of the realm of speculation into the realm of meaningful discussion.
Rough calculations show that the savings made by employers when their staff works from home are of similar value to the compensation workers should receive for setting up offices at home.
What does this mean for offices in cities? One of two things may happen: Employers pass these costs onto employees. This would be a form of expropriation (侵占), with employees absorbing production costs that have traditionally been paid by the employer. This represents a considerable transfer of value from employees to employers.
When employees are properly compensated, employers’ real estate savings will be modest. If savings are modest, then the many advantages of working in offices—such as lively atmosphere, rapidity of communication, team-building and acclimatization (适应环境) of new employees—will encourage employers to shelve the idea of remote work and, like Yahoo in 2013, encourage employees to work most of the time from corporate office space.
46. What does the author say about working from home?
It will become the norm sooner or later.
","It requires employees to adapt promptly.
","It benefits employers at the expense of employees.
","It will force cities to transform their infrastructure.
"]解析：C。由题干中的working from home和题文同序原则可定位至文章第1-2段。作者提到，当员工从办公室转移到在家工作时，雇主们可以在房产上省下一大笔钱。然而，这些省下来的开支是通过把成本转嫁给员工实现的。由此可知，居家办公会以员工的利益为代价使雇主受益，故C项正确。
错项排除：A项利用首段第2句的norm进行干扰，但原文是指假设居家办公成为常态，谁将会从中受益？并没有说居家办公真的会成为常态，故A项错误。B项利用首段第1句的adapt进行干扰，原文只是说许多上班族适应了远程办公，并没有说员工要迅速适应居家办公的要求，故B项错误。D项中的infrastructure在原文无依据，故错误。
47. Why do some people oppose working from home?
It discourages team spirit.
","It invades employees’ privacy.
","It undermines traditional values.
","It negatively impacts productivity.
"]解析：D。由题干中的oppose working from home可定位至文章第4段。尽管雇主们得到了远程办公倡导者们的一致支持，但也有人注意到了长期远程办公带来的孤独感、降低的生产力和低效率。由此可知，居家办公会对生产率造成负面影响，故D项正确。
错项排除：A项中的team spirit在原文未提及，故错误。B项利用文章第5-6段的private space进行干扰，但原文是说居家办公会占据员工的私人空间，并不是侵犯员工的个人隐私，故B项错误。C项利用values进行干扰，原文第三段提到的value指的是企业利润将越来越依赖于从公众领域攫取价值，而不是创造新的价值。这和传统的价值观念没有关系，故C项错误。
48. Why did the author run the estimates for Montréal?
To provide convincing data for serious discussion.
","To illustrate the ongoing change in working patterns.
","To show the impact of remote working on productivity.
","To exemplify how remote working affects the economy.
"]解析：A。由题干中的run the estimates for Montréal可定位至原文第6段。为了便于说明，我对蒙特利尔的情况进行了一些估算。这项工作很简单，却很重要，因为它使这些成本脱离了臆想的范畴，进入了有意义的讨论的范畴。由此可知，作者估算蒙特利尔的情况是为了给严肃的讨论提供有说服力的数据，故A项正确。
错项排除：B项利用illustrate进行干扰，但工作模式的转变已经是文章讨论的事实，作者并不是要证明这一事实，也不是他进行估算的原因，故B项错误。C项利用原文第4段的productivity进行干扰，但原文是说，生产率的降低是一些人反对居家办公的原因，并不是作者估算蒙特利尔的原因，故C项错误。原文虽然提到savings和value等和经济相关的词语，但这些都是对个人的影响，并没有提到对整体经济环境的影响，故D项错误。
49. What can we conclude from the author’s calculations?
There is no point in transferring office work to working from home.
","Employees can benefit as much from remote working as their employers.
","Employers’ gain from remote working should go to employees as compensation.
","Effective measures should be taken to motivate employees to set up offices at home.
"]解析：C。由题干中的author’s calculations可定位至文章第7段。粗略的计算表明，当员工在家工作时，雇主节省下来的费用与员工在家布置办公空间所应得的补偿价值相当。由此可知，通过作者的计算，雇主从远程办公中获得的收益应该作为补偿发放给员工，故C项正确。
错项排除：A项中的no point在原文中没有体现，故排除。B项与原文意思相悖，能从远程办公中获益的是雇主，并非员工，故B项错误。D项过度推断，作者并没有说到应采取有效措施激励员工居家办公，故D项错误。
50. What is the author’s opinion on working from home?
It should be avoided if possible.
","It is only a temporary measure.
","It can reduce companies’ real estate costs.
","It may affect employees’ corporate loyalty.
"]解析：A。本题为主旨题，需结合全文作答。文章一直在讨论远程办公会让雇主获益，从而损害员工的利益。最后一段作者指出，如果雇主可以补偿远程办公的员工，那么远程办公并不会节省太多开支，进而鼓励员工在办公室工作。由此可知，作者认为应该避免居家办公，故A项正确。
错项排除：B项利用常识进行干扰，认为居家办公只是临时措施，但这并不是作者的观点，故B项错误。C项利用reduce costs进行干扰，原文确实提到了居家办公可以节省房产方面的开支，但作者在后文同时也提到了居家办公的负面影响，比如生产效率低下等等，C项过于片面，故排除。D项中的employees’ corporate loyalty在原文并未提及，故排除D项。
英语四六级 | 四级阅读-仔细阅读题目答案及解析（完整版）
