英语四六级 | 四级阅读-仔细阅读 题目答案及解析
稿件来源：高途
英语四六级 | 四级阅读-仔细阅读题目答案及解析如下，仅供参考！
四级阅读
四级阅读-仔细阅读
Passage Two
Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.
The human thirst for knowledge is the driving force behind our successful development as a species. But curiosity can also be dangerous, leading to setbacks or even downfalls. Given curiosity’s complexity, scientists have found it hard to define.
While pinning down a definition has proven tricky, the general consensus is it’s some means of information gathering. Psychologists also agree curiosity is intrinsically (内在地) motivated.
Curiosity covers such a large set of behaviors that there probably isn’t any single “curiosity gene” that makes humans wonder about and explore their environment. That said, curiosity does have a genetic component. Genes and the environment interact in many complex ways to shape individuals and guide their behavior, including their curiosity.
Regardless of their genetic makeup, infants have to learn an incredible amount of information in a short time, and curiosity is one of the tools humans have found to accomplish that gigantic task.
Hundreds of studies show that infants prefer novelty. It’s what motivates non-human animals, human infants and probably human adults to explore and seek out new things before growing less interested in them after continued exposure.
But curiosity often comes with a cost.
In some situations, the stakes are low and failure is a healthy part of growth. For instance, many babies are perfectly proficient crawlers, but they decide to try walking because there’s more to see and do when they stand upright. But this milestone comes at a small cost. A study of 12- to 19-month-olds learning how to walk documented that these children fell down a lot. Seventeen times per hour, to be exact. But walking is faster than crawling, so this motivates expert crawlers to transition to walking.
Sometimes, however, testing out a new idea can lead to disaster. For instance, the Inuit people of the Arctic regions have created incredible modes to deal with the challenges of living in northern climates, but what we forget about are the tens of thousands of people that tried and failed to make it in those challenging landscapes.
51. What does the author say about curiosity?
It is too complex for non-scientists to understand.
","It is the force that pushes human society forward.
","It is a unique trait specific to the human race.
","It is often the major cause for human failures.
"]解析：B。由题干中的curiosity和题文同序原则可定位至文章第1段。对知识的渴求是我们作为人类物种成功发展的驱动力。由此可知，好奇心是推动人类社会前进的力量，故B项正确。
错项排除：A项利用complex进行干扰，原文是说鉴于好奇心的复杂性，科学家们认为很难对其下定义，并没有说对非科学家而言复杂到难以理解，non-scientists在原文无依据，故A项错误。C项过度推断，文章第5段第2句提到好奇心激励着非人类动物、人类婴儿，甚至可能还有成年人，去探索和寻找新事物，可见好奇心并不是人类独有的特质，故C项错误。D项failure一词与原文意思相悖，故错误。
52. What is the general understanding of curiosity?
It motivates people to seek information.
","It is destined to transform human genes.
","It does people more good than harm.
","It underlies all human behaviors.
"]解析：A。由题干中的general understanding可定位至原文第2段第1句。虽然给好奇心下一个定义很难，但普遍的共识认为好奇心是一种收集信息的方式。由此可知，对好奇心的普遍理解是它可以激励人们去寻找信息，故A项正确。
错项排除：B项利用genes进行干扰，原文第3段说到，好奇心的确是有基因成分的。并非好奇心注定会改变人类基因，故B项错误。文章首段说到，好奇心既帮助人们推动社会发展，同时也存在危险。可见好奇心是有利有弊的，并非利大于弊，故C项错误。D项利用第3段的behaviors进行干扰，但原文说的是好奇心涵盖了诸多行为，而且好奇心也只是个体行为的一部分，并不是所有人类行为的动因，all一词过于绝对，故D项错误。
53. What do we learn about how genes shape people’s behavior?
They determine people’s way of thinking.
","They account for age differences in learning.
","They enable people to undertake massive tasks.
","They work in conjunction with the environment.
"]解析：D。由题干中的genes shape people’s behavior可定位至原文第3段最后一句。基因和环境以许多复杂的方式相互作用，塑造个体并引导其行为，包括他们的好奇心。由此可知，基因与环境一起相互作用，共同塑造了人类的行为，They work in conjunction with the environment是对原文中Genes and the environment interact in many complex ways的同义替换，故D项正确。
错项排除：A项中的way of thinking和B项中的age differences在原文未提及，故排除A、B两项。C项利用massive tasks进行干扰，原文第4段是说基因会让婴儿短时间内完成重任，并非是好奇心可以让人类承担大量任务，故C项错误。
54. What do numerous studies show about infants?
They are far more curious than adults.
","They prefer to go after all that is novel.
","They have different interests than adults.
","They show non-human animal behaviors.
"]解析：B。由题干中的numerous studies和infants可定位至原文第5段第1句。数百项研究表明，婴儿更喜欢新奇的东西。B项是对原文infants prefer novelty的同义替换，故B项正确。
错项排除：原文并没有把婴儿和成年人的好奇心以及兴趣进行对比，故A、C两项错误。D项利用non-human animals进行干扰，但原文说的是好奇心激励着非人类动物、人类婴儿，甚至可能还有成年人，去探索和寻找新事物，并不是说婴儿会表现出非人类动物的行为，故D项错误。
55. What does the example of the Inuit people of the Arctic regions illustrate?
The cost of humans’ curiosity to explore.
","The incredible harshness of cold weather.
","The innovative ideas stemming from curiosity.
","The importance of learning from past failures.
"]解析：A。由题干中的Inuit people of the Arctic regions可定位至原文最后一段。有时候，尝试一个新想法可能会带来灾难。北极地区的因纽特人创造出了令人难以置信的模式来应对北部极寒地区的生存挑战，但我们却忘记了曾经有成千上万的人试图在这些充满挑战的地貌中生存，但却丧失了生命。由此可知，北极地区因纽特人的例子说明，人类探索的好奇心也是要付出代价的，故A项正确。
错项排除：B、C两项均是例子所阐述的细节内容，并不是事例要说明的东西，故B、C错误。原文并未提及要从以往的失败中学习，故D项错误。
英语四六级 | 四级阅读-仔细阅读题目答案及解析（完整版）
