高中 | 人际关系 题目答案及解析
稿件来源：高途
高中 | 人际关系题目答案及解析如下，仅供参考！
语言知识运用
篇章阅读
篇章话题
人际关系
We know someone who fits the description. You probably work with one; you might even be related to one. And with Christmas approaching, the season of office parties and family gatherings you’re increasingly likely to have to 1 with them and rediscover just how annoying they are. I’m talking about know-it-alls, people who will enthusiastically 2 you about an topic or activity, despite obviously having little to no knowledge in what they’re talking about—and often when you do.
Why would some people assume 3 knowledge to others, about every possible subject? One is the phenomenon of “naive realism” (direct realism or common sense realism), which describes how people instinctively assume that their 4 of the world reflect objective reality. In actuality, everything we perceive and “know” about the world has been filtered through a complex mesh (筛网) of cognitive biases, sensory shortcuts, shifting emotional memories and more. What we think is reality in our heads is often noticeably 5 the actual reality, but we don’t recognize this happening. As a result, we regularly encounter people whose understanding of the world is very different to our own. But naive realism means we assume that those who understand the world differently are 6 . For a seemingly large number of people, this results in an irresistible urge to “correct” others. It may spring from entirely good intentions, but that doesn’t make it any less 7 .
This can be the full story, 8 , as countless people believe others are wrong, yet never do or say anything about it. Another potential cognitive bias 9 , proposed in a recent study by Prof Hunter Gehlbach, Dr. Carly D Robinson and Prof Annette Flerch, published in the journal PLoS ONE, is the illusion (幻觉) of information adequacy. Put simply, this describes how, despite lacking sufficient information to make correct judgements about something, many people will assume the 10 . It’s logically very hard to recognize and take account of what we don’t know.
A(n) 11 of the illusion of information adequacy and naive realism can lead to people believing they know more than they really do. In their minds, this knowledge is more advanced than that of others and they must hurry to correct it.
Then there’s our old friend, the Dunning-Kruger effect: the cognitive bias where people with limited competence in a certain area tend to 12 their abilities. Their lack of intellectual insight means they 13 to recognize when someone else knows more than them, they’ll confidently argue with those who are better informed. And because people often respond more to confidence than 14 , they usually get away with it. If this happens often enough, they could convince themselves that they’re 15 on pretty much everything, even though the opposite is true.
identify
","interact
","compete
","cooperate
"]考查动词词义辨析。句意：随着圣诞节的临近，办公室聚会和家庭聚会的季节，你越来越有可能不得不与他们互动，并重新发现他们有多烦人。A. identify 识别；B. interact 互动；C. compete 竞争；D. cooperate 协作。根据上文 “We know someone who fits the description. You probably work with one; you might even be related to one.” 可知随着圣诞节的临近，办公室聚会和家庭聚会的季节，你就会和你认识的人接触，互动。故选B。
warn
","deceive
","lecture
","consult
"]考查动词词义辨析。句意：我说的是万事通，他们会热情地就一个话题或活动教训你，尽管很明显他们对他们所说的几乎一无所知——而且经常是在你知道的时候。A. warn 警告；B. deceive 欺骗；C. lecture 教训；D. consult 咨询。根据上文 “I’m talking about know-it-alls,” 可知说的是万事通，所以应该会就某个话题和活动对你一番说教。故选C。
superior
","extensive
","prior
","technical
"]考查形容词词义辨析。句意：为什么有些人在所有可能的学科上都认为自己比别人更有学问？A. superior 优越的；B. extensive 广泛的；C. prior 先前的；D. technical 技术的。根据下文 “‘naive realism’ (direct realism or common sense realism),” 可知是天真主义，所以应是在所有可能的学科上都认为自己比别人更优越。故选A。
impression
","recognition
","imagination
","perception
"]考查名词词义辨析。句意：一种是 “天真主义” (直接现实主义或常识现实主义) 现象，它描述了人们如何本能地假设他们对世界的感知反映了客观现实。A. impression 印象；B. recognition 识别；C. imagination 想象；D. perception 认知，感知。根据上文 “One is the phenomenon of ‘naive realism’ (direct realism or common sense realism),” 和常识可知天真主义认为自己对世界的感知反映了客观现实。故选D。
distinct from
","similar to
","free from
","relative to
"]考查固定短语辨析。句意：我们头脑中认为的现实往往与实际的现实明显不同，但我们并没有意识到这一点。A. distinct from 与……不同；B. similar to 与……相似；C. free from 免于；D. relative to 关于。根据上文 “In actuality, everything we perceive and ‘know’ about the world has been filtered through a complex mesh (筛网) of cognitive biases, sensory shortcuts, shifting emotional memories and more.” 可知，我们对世界的感知和 “知道” 的一切都是通过认知偏见、感官捷径、不断变化的情感记忆等复杂的网络过滤的，所以主观感知和现实世界不同。故选A。
practical
","unacceptable
","wrong
","incompetent
"]考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但天真主义意味着我们假设那些对世界有不同理解的人是错误的。A. practical 实际的；B. unacceptable 不可接受的；C. wrong 错误的；D. incompetent 无能力的。根据下文 “For a seemingly large number of people, this results in an irresistible urge to ‘correct’ others.” 可知天真主义的人认为和自己有不同见解的人是错误的，所以才会有 “纠正” 他人的冲动。故选C。
bothersome
","acceptable
","rewarding
","insignificant
"]考查形容词词义辨析。句意：它可能完全出于善意，但这并不能减少它的令人讨厌。A. bothersome 令人讨厌的；B. acceptable 可接受的；C. rewarding 有回报的；D. insignificant 不重要的。根据前文 “rediscover just how annoying they are.” 可知天真主义者令人讨厌。故选A。
thus
","however
","meanwhile
","moreover
"]考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，这可能是整个故事，因为无数人认为别人是错的，但却从不做或说任何事情。A. thus 因此；B. however 然而；C. meanwhile 同时；D. moreover 此外。前文说天真主义者有纠正别人的冲动，而下文 “countless people believe others are wrong, yet never do or say anything about it.” 说无数人认为别人错了却什么也不说不做，所以是转折关系。故选B。
at work
","at hand
","in way
","under control
"]考查固定短语辨析。句意：亨特·格巴赫教授、卡莉·D·罗宾逊博士和安妮特·弗莱奇教授最近发表在《公共科学图书馆·综合》杂志上的一项研究提出了另一种潜在的认知偏差，即信息充足的错觉。A. at work 起作用；B. at hand 在手边；C. in way 没有这样的搭配；D. under control 在控制之下。根据下文 “proposed in a recent study by Prof Hunter Gehlbach, Dr. Carly D Robinson and Prof Annette Flerch, published in the journal PLoS ONE, is the illusion (幻觉) of information adequacy.” 可知这是研究提出的一种新的说法，另一种认知偏差起作用才会导致人们做出以上的判断。故选A。
norm
","opposite
","truth
","position
"]考查名词词义辨析。句意：简单地说，这描述了尽管缺乏足够的信息来对某事做出正确的判断，但许多人会做出相反的假设。A. norm 标准；B. opposite 相反的事物；C. truth 真相；D. position 位置。根据上文 “is the illusion (幻觉) of information adequacy.” 信息充足错觉，也就是尽管缺乏足够信息做出正确判断，但许多人会假设 “相反的情况”，即认为自己有足够的信息能做出正确判断。故选B。
combination
","reflection
","contradiction
","association
"]考查名词词义辨析。句意：信息充足的错觉和天真现实主义的结合会导致人们相信他们知道的比他们实际知道的要多。A. combination 结合；B. reflection 反应；C. contradiction 矛盾；D. association 协会。根据下文 “the illusion of information adequacy and naive realism can lead to people believing they know more than they really do.” 以及上文两种认知的解释可知这两者结合会导致人们相信他们知道的比他们实际知道的要多。故选A。
enhance
","overlook
","overestimate
","exercise
"]考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后是我们的老朋友，邓宁·克鲁格效应：认知偏差，即在某一领域能力有限的人往往高估自己的能力。A. enhance 增强；B. overlook 忽视；C. overestimate 高估；D. exercise 锻炼。根据前文的描述可知邓宁-克鲁格效应指能力不足者高估自己。故选C。
expect
","hesitate
","pretend
","struggle
"]考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们缺乏知识洞察力，这意味着他们很难意识到别人比他们知道得多，他们会自信地与那些消息更灵通的人争论。A. expect 期盼；B. hesitate 犹豫；C. pretend 假装；D. struggle 努力，挣扎。根据上文 “Their lack of intellectual insight” 可知他们缺乏洞察力，所以很难意识到别人比他们知道得多，“struggle to do sth.” 表示 “努力做某事，难以做某事”。故选D。
honesty
","credit
","authority
","accuracy
"]考查名词词义辨析。句意：而且，由于人们往往对自信的反应比对准确性的反应更大，所以他们通常会侥幸逃脱。A. honesty 诚实；B. credit 信用；C. authority 权威；D. accuracy 准确性。根据下文 “they usually get away with it.” 可知他们往往看中的是自信，而不是观点的正确与否。故选D。
enthusiasts
","experts
","critics
","optimists
"]考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果这种情况经常发生，他们可以说服自己，他们是几乎所有事情的专家，即使事实恰恰相反。A. enthusiasts 爱好者；B. experts 专家；C. critics 批评家；D. optimists 乐观主义者。根据前文和 “on pretty much everything,” 可知他们认为自己知道所有的事情，也就是几乎所有事情的专家。故选B。
高中 | 人际关系题目答案及解析（完整版）
