高中 | 人际关系 题目答案及解析
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Compliments are no straightforward matter and require skills and knowledge. Done well, words of praise can be 1 for human relations at home and at work. But done poorly, compliments can be ineffective, even destructive. What follows is a research-based guide to tell you what kind of compliments are 2 .
Whether the compliment is effective in 3 the other person depends on whether it is believable, appropriate, and unqualified. To begin with, a good compliment must not 4 with its recipient’s self-image. If you tell me my hair looks good, I will dismiss it and suspect your 5 , because I have no hair on the head. More generally, people with low self-esteem don’t usually receive compliments well, probably because the compliment does not ring true with their negative view of themselves, and so they 6 it.
Even if a compliment agrees with one’s self-image, scholars writing in 2022 in Current Psychology concluded, it must meet three criteria to be accepted by its 7 . The praise must come from a person with credibility to give it, it must be sincere and unplanned, and it must occur in the appropriate 8 .
Consider, for example, how you’d respond to an excessive compliment from a salesperson you’d never met about how smart you are when you’re 9 a particular purchase. You’d probably find that kind of compliment annoying, because the person doesn’t know you well enough to judge your true 10 and is simply praising you to make a sale.
The compliment fails on all three counts: the praiser lacks credibility, their sincerity is suspect, and your willingness to spend money in a store is not a meaningful context for 11 your intelligence.
Some compliments are not just ineffective; they actually cause harm. My Harvard colleagues have conducted research into backhanded praise, which puts someone down by comparing their good quality with a negative 12 . An example of a destructive compliment would be “You look pretty good for a guy with no hair on the head”—not that I’m insecure or anything—because this sets such a low 13 on the praise.
Other ways to give negative praise include comparisons with past 14 (“This draft is certainly better than the last one”), with poor expectations (“Your work is better than I expected”), and with a conventional conception (“This work isn’t bad for a Yale graduate”).
In their experiments, the authors found that the complimenters thought these backhanded comparisons were 15 , but both recipients and third-party observers disagreed.
universal
","efficient
","heartfelt
","comforting
"]考查形容词词义辨析。句意：如果做得好，赞美之词可以安慰家庭和工作中的人际关系。A. universal 普遍的；B. efficient 效率高的；C. heartfelt 由衷的；D. comforting 安慰的。根据上文 “Done well,” 以及后文 “But done poorly, compliments can be ineffective, even destructive. (但如果做得不好，赞美可能是无效的，甚至是破坏性的。)” 可知，此处是在说明赞美做得好会发挥好的作用，即可以安慰家庭和工作中的人际关系。故选D。
showered
","preferred
","emphasized
","misinterpreted
"]考查动词词义辨析。句意：以下是一份基于研究的指南，告诉你哪种赞美更受欢迎。A. showered 淋浴；B. preferred 偏爱；C. emphasized 强调；D. misinterpreted 曲解。根据后文 “To begin with, a good compliment” 以及 “The praise must come from a person with credibility to give it,” 可知，后文主要讨论的是受人们偏爱喜爱的赞美方式。故选B。
stretching
","persuading
","uplifting
","understanding
"]考查动词词义辨析。句意：赞美是否有效地振奋了对方，取决于它是否可信、合适和不合格。A. stretching 伸展；B. persuading 说服；C. uplifting 振奋；D. understanding 理解。上文 “Done well, words of praise can be ... for human relations at home and at work.” 提到赞美可以安慰人际关系，即赞美可以振奋别人的精神。故选C。
conflict
","compete
","associate
","agree
"]考查动词词义辨析。句意：首先，一个好的赞美不能与接受者的自我形象相冲突。A. conflict 冲突；B. compete 比赛；C. associate 联系；D. agree 同意。后文 “If you tell me my hair looks good, I will dismiss it and suspect your ..., because I have no hair on the head.” 赞美没有头发的人头发好的例子表明，一个好的赞美不能与接受者的自我形象相冲突。故选A。
crafts
","vision
","motives
","competence
"]考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果你对我说我的头发很好看，我会不屑一顾，怀疑你的动机，因为我头上没有头发。A. crafts 手艺；B. vision 幻想；C. motives 动机；D. competence 能力。根据后文 “because I have no hair on the head” 可知，赞美没有头发的人头发好会让人怀疑动机。故选C。
discount
","defend
","reverse
","receive
"]考查动词词义辨析。句意：更普遍的是，低自尊的人通常不会很好地接受赞美，可能是因为赞美与他们对自己的负面看法不一致，所以他们不重视它。A. discount 不重视，打折；B. defend 防御；C. reverse 逆转；D. receive 收到。根据上文 “people with low self-esteem don’t usually receive compliments well,” 指低自尊的人通常不会很好地接受赞美，即不重视赞美。故选A。
image
","market
","status
","object
"]考查名词词义辨析。句意：学者们在2022年的《当代心理学》杂志上总结道，即使赞美符合一个人的自我形象，也必须满足三个标准才能被赞美的对象接受。A. image 图片；B. market 市场；C. status 地位；D. object 对象。根据上文 “it must meet three criteria to be accepted by its” 中it指的是赞美，所以是指被赞美对象所接受的赞美需要满足三个标准。故选D。
manner
","purchase
","order
","context
"]考查名词词义辨析。句意：表扬必须来自一个有信誉的人，必须是真诚的，没有计划的，而且必须发生在适当的背景下。A. manner 礼貌；B. purchase 购买；C. order 订单；D. context 背景。后文 “Consider, for example, how you’d respond to an excessive compliment from a salesperson you’d never met about how smart you are when you’re ... a particular purchase.” 以及 “a meaningful context for” 买东西的例子主要体现了赞美必须发生在适当的背景下。故选D。
putting off
","leaning toward
","turning down
","pushing through
"]考查动词短语辨析。句意：举个例子，试想当一个你从未见过的销售人员说你在购买某件商品时很聪明时，你会作何反应。A. putting off 推迟；B. leaning toward 倾向于；C. turning down 关小；D. pushing through 完成。根据后文 “a particular purchase.” 以及上文 “salesperson” 可知，此处指购物的时候倾向于买某一个商品。故选B。
qualities
","intentions
","potentials
","tendencies
"]考查名词词义辨析。句意：你可能会觉得这种赞美很烦人，因为这个人不太了解你，无法判断你的真实品质，他只是为了推销你而赞美你。A. qualities 品质；B. intentions 意图；C. potentials 潜能；D. tendencies 趋势。根据上文 “how you’d respond to an excessive compliment from a salesperson you’d never met about how smart you are” 可知，指销售人员不了解你聪明的真实品质，只是为了推销你而赞美你。故选A。
overestimating
","grading
","suspecting
","developing
"]考查动词词义辨析。句意：赞美在这三个方面都失败了：赞美者缺乏可信度，他们的诚意值得怀疑，你在商店里花钱的意愿不是评价你智商的有意义的背景。A. overestimating 高估；B. grading 评价，定等级；C. suspecting 怀疑；D. developing 发展。根据后文 “your intelligence.” 以及上文 “how smart you are” 可知，此处指你在商店里花钱的意愿不是评价你智商的有意义的背景。故选B。
comment
","equivalent
","impression
","standard
"]考查名词词义辨析。句意：我在哈佛的同事们对反讽式的赞美进行了研究，这种赞美是通过将某人的优秀品质与负面标准进行比较来贬低某人。A. comment 评论；B. equivalent 对等的事物；C. impression 印象；D. standard 标准。根据后文 “‘This work isn’t bad for a Yale graduate’ (‘对于耶鲁毕业生来说，这项工作还不错’)” 可知，反讽式的赞美通过将某人的优秀品质与负面标准进行比较来贬低某人。故选D。
quantity
","profile
","ceiling
","reputation
"]考查名词词义辨析。句意：破坏性赞美的一个例子是 “对于一个光头来说，你看起来很不错”——并不是说我没有安全感或其他什么——因为这给赞美设定了一个很低的上限。A. quantity 数量；B. profile 侧影；C. ceiling 上限；D. reputation 名誉。根据上文 “An example of a destructive compliment would be ‘You look pretty good for a guy with no hair on the head’—not that I’m insecure or anything” 可知，“对于一个光头来说，你看起来很不错” 例子中为赞美设定了一个最低的上限，即赞美别人的光头。故选C。
draft
","anticipation
","trend
","failure
"]考查名词词义辨析。句意：其他给出负面赞扬的方式包括与过去的失败进行比较 (“这一稿肯定比上一稿好”)，与糟糕的期望进行比较 (“你的工作比我预期的要好”)，以及与传统观念进行比较 (“对于耶鲁毕业生来说，这项工作还不错”)。A. draft 草稿；B. anticipation 期待；C. trend 趋势；D. failure 失败。后文 “‘This draft is certainly better than the last one’” 体现了与过去的失败进行比较。故选D。
deliberate
","positive
","distressing
","specific
"]考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在他们的实验中，作者发现赞美者认为这些反讽的比较是积极的，但接受者和第三方观察者都不同意。A. deliberate 故意的；B. positive 积极的；C. distressing 悲伤的；D. specific 特定的。根据后文 “but both recipients and third-party observers disagreed.” 中but表示转折，说明赞美者认为这些反讽的比较是积极的，但接受者和第三方观察者都不同意。故选B。
高中 | 人际关系题目答案及解析（完整版）
